Sunday, January 4, 2015

Kusamakura (or Grass pillow or The Three-cornered World) - an artist in a hot spring


I like Kusamakura or Grass pillow or The Three-cornered World very much probably because I am an amateur and Sunday painter. I have read this short novel many times. You will find many difficult old Chinese words in some Chapters (Chapter 1, Chapter 5, for instance) but fortunately most of these words are not very important. Soseki used these difficult words intentionally, not for showing off his knowledge, of course, but for creating some atmosphere, say somewhere in remote from the real world or as some critic says "to create some abstractness" - in a sense of abstract paintings - things difficult to grasp. The stories and the painter's opinions of chapter 6 and Chapter 7 may relate this.

The plot is very simple - or we could say no plot as a novel. A young painter goes to a hot spring with sketch books and oil painting tools. Soseki himself made some oriental style paintings and made some poems (Japanese style Haiku and Chinese style). You cannot see paintings of this painter but find his poems in this novel. My interest is the views of paintings of his (this painter or Soseki) shown in this novel.

Japanese
From: http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000148/files/776_14941.html

English
From: http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=lGcT3yD0rdkC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Gateway Edition - The Three-cornered World
Penguin Books - Kunasamakura - Translated by Meredith Mckinney.
 

Chapter 1


This novel begins with the following well known sentences.



山路(やまみち)
を登りながら、こう考えた。

 智(ち)に働けば角(かど)が立つ。情(じょう)に棹(さお)させば流される。意地を通(とお)せば窮屈(きゅうくつ)だ。とかくに人の世は住みにくい。

Going up a mountain track, I fell to thinking.
Approach everything rationally, and you become harsh. Pole in the steam of emotions, and you will be swept away by the current. Give free rein to your desires, and you become uncomfortably confined. It is not a very agreeable place to live, the world of ours.

My note - 1
<Give free rein to your desires, and you become uncomfortably confined.> will be difficult to understand because <when you give free rein to your desires> why <you become uncomfortably confined.>. The original Japanese <意地を通(とお)せば> is not equal to <when you give free rein to your desires>. This Japanese is more like <when you try to keep your own way through> or <when you try to keep your own belief through>.

Ref. Penguin Books - Kunasamakura

Demanding your own way only serves to constrain you.

 
 住みにくさが高(こう)じると、安い所へ引き越したくなる。どこへ越しても住みにくいと悟(さと)った時、詩が生れて、画(え)が出来る。

When the unpleasantness increases, you want to draw yourself up to some place where life is easier. It is just at the point when you first realize that life will be no more agreeable no matter what heights you may attain, that a poem may be given birth or a picture created.


 越す事のならぬ世が住みにくければ、住みにくい所をどれほどか、寛容(くつろげ)て、束(つか)の間(ま)の命を、束の間でも住みよくせねばならぬ。ここに詩人という天職が出来て、ここに画家という使命が降(くだ)る。あらゆる芸術の士は人の世を長閑(のどか)にし、人の心を豊かにするが故(ゆえ)に尊(たっ)とい。

There is no escape from this world. If, therefore, you find life hard, there is nothing to be done but settle yourself as comfortably as you can during the unpleasant times, although you may only succeed in this for a short periods, and thus make life's brief span bearable. It is here that the vocation of the artist comes into being, and here that the painter receives his divine commission. Thanks heaven for all those in devious ways by their art, brings tranquility to the world, and enrich men's hearts.

My note -2
I wonder why <in devious ways> is put into , which is not shown in the original Japanese.

This part shows the writer's opinion on the purpose of art - not <art for art's sake>. However this view <brings tranquility to the world, and enrich men's hearts> is little elaborated in the novel.


住みにくき世から、住みにくき煩(わずら)いを引き抜いて、ありがたい世界をまのあたりに写すのが詩である、画(え)である。あるは音楽と彫刻である。こまかに云(い)えば写さないでもよい。ただまのあたりに見れば、そこに詩も生き、歌も湧(わ)く。

Strip off from the world all those cares and worries which make it an unpleasant place in which to live, and picture before you instead a world of graciousness. You now have music, a painting, or poetry or sculpture. I would go farther, and say that is is not even necessary to make this vision a reality. Merely conjure up the image before your eyes, and poetry will burst into life and songs pour forth.

My note - 3
The literal translation of the original is as follows:

To copy a world of graciousness which is attained after striping off from the world all those cares and worries which make it an unpleasant place in which to live is music, a painting, or poetry or sculpture. I would go farther, and say that is is not even necessary to make a copy. Merely conjure up an image of a world of graciousness in your minds, and poetry will burst into life and songs pour forth.

The Japanese word ありがたい (a-ri-ga-ta-i) is an adjective and may mean "gracious" but it originally means "cannot be" or "non existent". So we could also say <To copy a non-existent world which is attained after striping off from the world all those cares and worries which ...... >.


着想を紙に落さぬとも※(「王+膠のつくり」、第3水準1-88-22)鏘(きゅうそう)の音(おん)は胸裏(きょうり)に起(おこ)る。丹青(たんせい)は画架(がか)に向って塗抹(とまつ)せんでも五彩(ごさい)の絢爛(けんらん)は自(おのず)から心眼(しんがん)に映る。ただおのが住む世を、かく観(かん)じ得て、霊台方寸(れいだいほうすん)のカメラに澆季溷濁(ぎょうきこんだく)の俗界を清くうららかに収め得(う)れば足(た)る。この故に無声(むせい)の詩人には一句なく、無色(むしょく)の画家には尺※(「糸+賺のつくり」、第3水準1-90-17)(せっけん)なきも、かく人世(じんせい)を観じ得るの点において、かく煩悩(ぼんのう)を解脱(げだつ)するの点において、かく清浄界(しょうじょうかい)に出入(しゅつにゅう)し得るの点において、またこの不同不二(ふどうふじ)の乾坤(けんこん)を建立(こんりゅう)し得るの点において、我利私慾(がりしよく)の覊絆(きはん)を掃蕩(そうとう)するの点において、――千金(せんきん)の子よりも、万乗(ばんじょう)の君よりも、あらゆる俗界の寵児(ちょうじ)よりも幸福である。

Before even committing your thoughts to paper, you will feel the crystal tinkling, as of a tiny bell, well up within you; and the whole range of colours will of their own accord, and in all their brilliance, imprint themselves on your mind's eye, though your canvas stands on its easel, as yet untouched by the brush. It is enough that you are able to take this view of life, and see this decadent, sullied and vulgar world purified and beautiful world in the camera of your innermost soul. Even the poet whose thoughts have never found expression in a single verse, or the painter whose possesses no colours, and never painted so much as a single square foot of canvas, can obtain salvation, and be delivered from earthly desires and passions. They can enter at will a world of undefiled purity, and throwing off the yoke of avarice and self interest, are able to build up a peerless and unequalled universe. Thus in all this, they are happier than the rich and famous; than any lord and price who ever lived, happier indeed than all those on whom their vulgar world vanishes her affections.

My note -4
This part is difficult for even aged and educated Japanese to read in the original without help of some dictionary because many difficult old Chinese words are used. The English translation is easier and good, and I want to know how the translator (Alan Turney) did it.

This part shows another purpose or merit of art - salvation of soul and inner world of artists. The word <salvation> is not used in the original but <being able to strip off from the world all those cares and worries> and <be delivered from earthly desires and passions> are a kind of salvation of soul, and which can be achieved by practice of art. This is not <art for art's sake> either. This idea is developed in the later chapters.


Chapter 3

その後(ご)旅もいろいろしたが、こんな気持になった事は、今夜この那古井へ宿るまではかつて無かった。
 仰向(あおむけ)に寝ながら、偶然目を開(あ)けて見ると欄間(らんま)に、朱塗(しゅぬ)りの縁(ふち)をとった額(がく)がかかっている。文字(もじ)は寝ながらも竹影(ちくえい)払階(かいをはらって)塵不動(ちりうごかず)と明らかに読まれる。大徹(だいてつ)という落款(らっかん)もたしかに見える。余は書においては皆無鑒識(かいむかんしき)のない男だが、平生から、黄檗(おうばく)の高泉和尚(こうせんおしょう)の筆致(ひっち)を愛している。隠元(いんげん)も即非(そくひ)も木庵(もくあん)もそれぞれに面白味はあるが、高泉(こうせん)の字が一番蒼勁(そうけい)でしかも雅馴(がじゅん)である。今この七字を見ると、筆のあたりから手の運び具合、どうしても高泉としか思われない。しかし現(げん)に大徹とあるからには別人だろう。ことによると黄檗に大徹という坊主がいたかも知れぬ。それにしては紙の色が非常に新しい。どうしても昨今のものとしか受け取れない。


Since that time I had been on many trips, but nit until now on my first night in Nakoi, had I felt like this again.
I was lying dozing in bed when, opening my eyes, I happened to see head up on the wall a scroll in a red-lacquered frame. Even lying on my back as I was, I could read clearly the Chinese characters written on it. They say

Bamboo sweeps across the strairs,
But no dust rises
For 'tis but a shadow

My note - 5
The scroll is not the right word as this (calligraphy) has only seven Chinese characters and written on paper horizontally and highly likely from right to left (the olde style in writing in Chinese) put in red-lacquered frame, which is placed horizontally at a high position . The English translation of the writing is very good.


大徹(だいてつ)という落款(らっかん)もたしかに見える。余は書においては皆無鑒識(かいむかんしき)のない男だが、平生から、黄檗(おうばく)の高泉和尚(こうせんおしょう)の筆致(ひっち)を愛している。隠元(いんげん)も即非(そくひ)も木庵(もくあん)もそれぞれに面白味はあるが、高泉(こうせん)の字が一番蒼勁(そうけい)でしかも雅馴(がじゅん)である。今この七字を見ると、筆のあたりから手の運び具合、どうしても高泉としか思われない。しかし現(げん)に大徹とあるからには別人だろう。ことによると黄檗に大徹という坊主がいたかも知れぬ。それにしては紙の色が非常に新しい。どうしても昨今のものとしか受け取れない。

It was signed 'Daitetsu'. I am by no means a connoisseur of art, but I have always loved the styles of calligraphy of Takaizumi who was a priest of the Obaku sect. Ogen, Sokuhi, and Mokuan, all had their good points too, but Takaizumi's writing is the boldest and the most elegant of all. Looked at these characters on the scroll, I was certain that the this had been written by Takaizumi, because of the light and shade in the strokes, and because of the movement of brush. But the signature 'Daitetsu' showed that infact, I was mistaken. Perhaps, I thought 'Daitetsu' had also been a priest of the Obaku sect. If this were so, however, I could not count for the fact that the paper looked so extraordinarily new. Yes tthere was no doubt about it, this scroll had been made very recently.

 My note - 6
Takaizumi should be pronounced Kosen and Ogen should be Yingen. These four priests all came from China in 1600s (late Ming dynasty in China) to spread Zen Buddhism.
 <I am by no means a connoisseur of art> means <I am by no means a connoisseur of calligraphy> and a humble expression as his comment on this calligraphy is of a connoisseur. Calligraphy is a visual art and made by the same brushes, ink (usually black) and paper as the Chinese paintings but more spiritual than paintings. Like paintings stroke is very important. 
This part introduces 'Daitetsu', a priest  (Zen Buddhism), whom the painter will meet later. So we can call this part a kind of plot. We can find this kind of plot in some other places though not many and complicated. Soseki is a novelist anyway. The Obaku sect is Zen Buddhism.


横を向く。床(とこ)にかかっている若冲(じゃくちゅう)の鶴の図が目につく。これは商売柄(しょうばいがら)だけに、部屋に這入(はい)った時、すでに逸品(いっぴん)と認めた。若冲の図は大抵精緻(せいち)な彩色ものが多いが、この鶴は世間に気兼(きがね)なしの一筆(ひとふで)がきで、一本足ですらりと立った上に、卵形(たまごなり)の胴がふわっと乗(のっ)かっている様子は、はなはだ吾意(わがい)を得て、飄逸(ひょういつ)の趣(おもむき)は、長い嘴(はし)のさきまで籠(こも)っている。 

Looking sideways, my eyes lighted on a picture of a crane by Jakuchu hanging in an alcove. When I entered first the room my professional instinct had told me immediately that this was a masterpiece. Most Jakuchu's pictures are full of the most delicate colours, but this crane ad been painted with one stroke of the brush, making no concession to popular taste. The way in which the egg-shaped body perched on lightly on the one slender leg on which the crane was standing, showed that the artist had painted this to suit himself. His light-heartedness and disregard convention were expressed right down to the tip of the bird's beak.


して見ると四角な世界から常識と名のつく、一角(いっかく)を磨滅(まめつ)して、三角のうちに住むのを芸術家と呼んでもよかろう。

Putting as a formula, I suppose you could say that an artist is a person who lives in the triangle which remains  after the angle which we may call common sense has been removed from their four-cornered world.

My note - 7

The English title The Three-cornered World comes from this part.


この故(ゆえ)に天然(てんねん)にあれ、人事にあれ、衆俗(しゅうぞく)の辟易(へきえき)して近づきがたしとなすところにおいて、芸術家は無数の琳琅(りんろう)を見、無上(むじょう)の宝※(「王+路」、第3水準1-88-29)(ほうろ)を知る。俗にこれを名(なづ)けて美化(びか)と云う。その実は美化でも何でもない。燦爛(さんらん)たる彩光(さいこう)は、炳乎(へいこ)として昔から現象世界に実在している。ただ一翳(いちえい)眼に在(あ)って空花乱墜(くうげらんつい)するが故に、俗累(ぞくるい)の覊絏牢(きせつろう)として絶(た)ちがたきが故に、栄辱得喪(えいじょくとくそう)のわれに逼(せま)る事、念々切(せつ)なるが故に、ターナーが汽車を写すまでは汽車の美を解せず、応挙(おうきょ)が幽霊を描(えが)くまでは幽霊の美を知らずに打ち過ぎるのである。


Because of this lack of common sense, the artist is not afraid to approach those areas, both in natural and in man-made world, from which the average person shrinks back, and in consequence is able to find the exquisite pearl of beauty. This portrayal beauty where it is commonly believed that none exists, is generally called 'poetic embellishment'. It is nothing for embellishment, since in all things there lies beneath the surface an intrinsic beauty which is reality, and which has always existed in all brilliance merely waiting to be discovered. The reason why nobody approached the beauty there is as a steam engine before Turner depicted it on canvas, or that a ghost may be a thing of beauty until Ohkyo pointed is threehold,. First most people walk around in s stupor, half blinded by mandate mature f their thoughts; secondly the fetters and bars of mediocrity make this world a difficult place to break out of; and finally, the man in the street, is constantly being goaded by worries of whether or not such and such will set him to a good reputation, or whether a certain course of action will be his advantage.

 My note -8

This part, again, difficult for even Japanese to read in the original without help of some dictionary because many difficult old Chinese words are used. The English translation is easier and good.
This is an additional explanation of The Three-cornered World. This is true. Professional people, either an artist - a painter, poet, musician or not such as an architect, engineer, economist, politician, farmer, merchant, industrialist,  see the world differently. An artist has more chances to find and see a hidden beauty which is everywhere but non artist cannot see well. Like the author says, common sense hinders the ability to find and see a hidden beauty. And an artist must express the hidden beauty he/she has found - which is an artistic creation. The painter in the novel shows some  artistic creations in poem but not in paintings. But the process - removing common sense from their four-cornered world - can apply to a painting, especially so called "literati paintings"or Zen paintings. Let me try anyway.

-----

The painter's opinions continue to be found here and there in the novel, and especially in Chapter 6. But from here onward  this free internet version is unavailable so English translation will be made by sptt. This job will be not easy as the Soseki continued to use difficult old Chinese words in the arguments on arts.


Chapter 6 

踏むは地と思えばこそ、裂けはせぬかとの気遣(きづかい)も起(おこ)る。戴(いただ)くは天と知る故に、稲妻(いなずま)の米噛(こめかみ)に震(ふる)う怖(おそれ)も出来る。人と争(あらそ)わねば一分(いちぶん)が立たぬと浮世が催促するから、火宅(かたく)の苦(く)は免かれぬ。東西のある乾坤(けんこん)に住んで、利害の綱を渡らねばならぬ身には、事実の恋は讎(あだ)である。目に見る富は土である。握る名と奪える誉(ほまれ)とは、小賢(こざ)かしき蜂(はち)が甘く醸(かも)すと見せて、針を棄(す)て去る蜜のごときものであろう。いわゆる楽(たのしみ)は物に着(ちゃく)するより起るが故(ゆえ)に、あらゆる苦しみを含む。ただ詩人と画客(がかく)なるものあって、飽(あ)くまでこの待対(たいたい)世界の精華を嚼(か)んで、徹骨徹髄(てっこつてつずい)の清きを知る。霞(かすみ)を餐(さん)し、露を嚥(の)み、紫(し)を品(ひん)し、紅(こう)を評(ひょう)して、死に至って悔いぬ。彼らの楽は物に着(ちゃく)するのではない。同化してその物になるのである。その物になり済ました時に、我を樹立すべき余地は茫々(ぼうぼう)たる大地を極(きわ)めても見出(みいだ)し得ぬ。自在(じざい)に泥団(でいだん)を放下(ほうげ)して、破笠裏(はりつり)に無限(むげん)の青嵐(せいらん)を盛(も)る。いたずらにこの境遇を拈出(ねんしゅつ)するのは、敢(あえ)て市井(しせい)の銅臭児(どうしゅうじ)の鬼嚇(きかく)して、好んで高く標置(ひょうち)するがためではない。ただ這裏(しゃり)の福音(ふくいん)を述べて、縁ある衆生(しゅじょう)を麾(さしまね)くのみである。有体(ありてい)に云えば詩境と云い、画界と云うも皆人々具足(にんにんぐそく)の道である。春秋(しゅんじゅう)に指を折り尽して、白頭(はくとう)に呻吟(しんぎん)するの徒(と)といえども、一生を回顧して、閲歴の波動を順次に点検し来るとき、かつては微光の臭骸(しゅうがい)に洩(も)れて、吾(われ)を忘れし、拍手(はくしゅ)の興(きょう)を喚(よ)び起す事が出来よう。出来ぬと云わば生甲斐(いきがい)のない男である。







 されど一事(いちじ)に即(そく)し、一物(いちぶつ)に化(か)するのみが詩人の感興とは云わぬ。ある時は一弁(いちべん)の花に化し、あるときは一双(いっそう)の蝶(ちょう)に化し、あるはウォーヅウォースのごとく、一団の水仙に化して、心を沢風(たくふう)の裏(うち)に撩乱(りょうらん)せしむる事もあろうが、何(なん)とも知れぬ四辺(しへん)の風光にわが心を奪われて、わが心を奪えるは那物(なにもの)ぞとも明瞭(めいりょう)に意識せぬ場合がある。ある人は天地の耿気(こうき)に触るると云うだろう。ある人は無絃(むげん)の琴(きん)を霊台(れいだい)に聴くと云うだろう。またある人は知りがたく、解しがたき故に無限の域に※(「にんべん+亶」、第3水準1-14-43)※(「にんべん+回」、第3水準1-14-18)(せんかい)して、縹緲(ひょうびょう)のちまたに彷徨(ほうこう)すると形容するかも知れぬ。何と云うも皆その人の自由である。わが、唐木(からき)の机に憑(よ)りてぽかんとした心裡(しんり)の状態は正(まさ)にこれである。
 余は明(あきら)かに何事をも考えておらぬ。ま たはたしかに何物をも見ておらぬ。わが意識の舞台に著るしき色彩をもって動くものがないから、われはいかなる事物に同化したとも云えぬ。されども吾は動い ている。世の中に動いてもおらぬ、世の外にも動いておらぬ。ただ何となく動いている。花に動くにもあらず、鳥に動くにもあらず、人間に対して動くにもあら ず、ただ恍惚(こうこつ)と動いている。




 強(し)いて説明せよと云わるるならば、余が心はただ春と共に動いていると云いたい。あらゆる春の色、春の風、春の物、春の声を打って、固めて、仙丹(せんたん)に練り上げて、それを蓬莱(ほうらい)の霊液(れいえき)に溶(と)いて、桃源(とうげん)の日で蒸発せしめた精気が、知らぬ間(ま)に毛孔(けあな)から染(し)み込んで、心が知覚せぬうちに飽和(ほうわ)されてしまったと云いたい。普通の同化には刺激がある。刺激があればこそ、愉快であろう。余の同化には、何と同化したか不分明(ふぶんみょう)であるから、毫(ごう)も刺激がない。刺激がないから、窈然(ようぜん)として名状しがたい楽(たのしみ)がある。風に揉(も)まれて上(うわ)の空(そら)なる波を起す、軽薄で騒々しい趣(おもむき)とは違う。目に見えぬ幾尋(いくひろ)の底を、大陸から大陸まで動いている※(「さんずい+(廣-广)」、第3水準1-87-13)洋(こうよう)たる蒼海(そうかい)の有様と形容する事が出来る。ただそれほどに活力がないばかりだ。しかしそこにかえって幸福がある。偉大なる活力の発現は、この活力がいつか尽き果てるだろうとの懸念(けねん)が籠(こも)る。常の姿にはそう云う心配は伴わぬ。常よりは淡きわが心の、今の状態には、わが烈(はげ)しき力の銷磨(しょうま)しはせぬかとの憂(うれい)を離れたるのみならず、常の心の可もなく不可もなき凡境をも脱却している。淡しとは単に捕(とら)え難しと云う意味で、弱きに過ぎる虞(おそれ)を含んではおらぬ。冲融(ちゅうゆう)とか澹蕩(たんとう)とか云う詩人の語はもっともこの境(きょう)を切実に言い了(おお)せたものだろう。
 この境界(きょうがい)を画(え)にして見たらどうだろうと考えた。しかし普通の画にはならないにきまっている。


われらが俗に画と称するものは、ただ眼前(がんぜん)の人事風光をありのままなる姿として、もしくはこれをわが審美眼に漉過(ろくか)して、絵絹(えぎぬ)の上に移したものに過ぎぬ。花が花と見え、水が水と映り、人物が人物として活動すれば、画の能事(のうじ)は終ったものと考えられている。もしこの上に一頭地(いっとうち)を抜けば、わが感じたる物象を、わが感じたるままの趣(おもむき)を添えて、画布の上に淋漓(りんり)として生動(せいどう)させる。ある特別の感興を、己(おの)が捕えたる森羅(しんら)の裡(うち)に寓するのがこの種の技術家の主意であるから、彼らの見たる物象観が明瞭(めいりょう)に筆端に迸(ほとば)しっておらねば、画を製作したとは云わぬ。己(おの)れはしかじかの事を、しかじかに観(み)、しかじかに感じたり、その観方(みかた)も感じ方も、前人(ぜんじん)の籬下(りか)に立ちて、古来の伝説に支配せられたるにあらず、しかももっとも正しくして、もっとも美くしきものなりとの主張を示す作品にあらざれば、わが作と云うをあえてせぬ。

So called pictures are just those what things, people and scenery before us are copied on to a canvas as they look or through my aesthetic sense. When a picture of a flower looks like the flower, a picture of water looks like the water, a picture of person looks like the person picture making is considered to have been done. Taking a step farther up or breaking through one barrier you should vividly express the object by adding your own special taste which you get by seeing the object. This special taste can be attained in the nature and world only through some artistic techniques you have developed so that without these special taste clearly expressed in a painting the painting cannot be considered as completed. I would not dare say that unless the painting I made by seeing such and such object directly, feeling it directly was created though my own ways of seeing and feeling, independent from the artists in past, free from the old traditions, apparently showing the most right and most beautiful one.

My Note - 9

This part is not a particular Soseki's view and opinion but one of the key issues of very good, valuable (having some value to see) paintings. This can be attained only though a long and constant, restless pursue of real beauty and practice. A really good painting shows a trace of these constant, restless pursue of real beauty and practice. In the Chinese paintings world, either traditional or Western style, a painter who has achieved these is called 大师(da-shi) or Great Master and his paintings are praised as having 风格(feng-ge) or "Style".

"Style" here means a lot, maybe you can write a large volume of book(s). This is a key word of arts.

この二種の製作家に主客(しゅかく)深浅の区別はあるかも知れぬが、明瞭なる外界の刺激を待って、始めて手を下すのは双方共同一である。されど今、わが描かんとする題目は、さほどに分明(ぶんみょう)なものではない。あらん限りの感覚を鼓舞(こぶ)して、これを心外に物色したところで、方円の形、紅緑(こうろく)の色は無論、濃淡の陰、洪繊(こうせん)の線(すじ)を見出しかねる。わが感じは外から来たのではない、たとい来たとしても、わが視界に横(よこた)わる、一定の景物でないから、これが源因(げんいん)だと指を挙(あ)げて明らかに人に示す訳(わけ)に行かぬ。あるものはただ心持ちである。この心持ちを、どうあらわしたら画になるだろう――否(いや)この心持ちをいかなる具体を藉(か)りて、人の合点(がてん)するように髣髴(ほうふつ)せしめ得るかが問題である。


These two types of painters(*), though the degree of subjectivity and objectivity may differ, both start trying to initiate a painting only after receiving a certain clear stimulus from the outer world. However what I am now trying to make a painting is not caused by a certain clear stimulus. Even if I use all my available feelings to the maximum extent to try to find in the outer world, I cannot find out any particular rectangular or round shapes, any red or green colors, any deep or pale shades, any fine or bold lines. This feeling does not come from the outer world. Even if it may come from he outer world, as there is no certain object lying in my view, I cannot point out and show yow what make me feel like this. The only thing which exists is a feeling and  emotion. How can I exhibit this feeling and emotion in a painting. The question is how to show vividly
this feeling and emotion by using some concrete object and to make viewers of my painting understand and get the point.

My Note - 10 

These two types of painters(*)

The two types may be 
1) a painter who makes pictures as they are just those what things, people and scenery before him/her are copied on to a canvas as they look
2) a painter who makes pictures as they are just those what things, people and scenery before him/her are made on to a canvas through his/her aesthetic sense.


普通の画は感じはなくても物さえあれば出来る。第二の画は物と感じと両立すればできる。第三に至っては存するものはただ心持ちだけであるから、画にするには是非共この心持ちに恰好(かっこう)なる対象を択(えら)ばなければならん。しかるにこの対象は容易に出て来ない。出て来ても容易に纏(まとま)らない。纏っても自然界に存するものとは丸(まる)で趣(おもむき)を異(こと)にする場合がある。したがって普通の人から見れば画とは受け取れない。描(えが)いた当人も自然界の局部が再現したものとは認めておらん、ただ感興の上(さ)した刻下の心持ちを幾分でも伝えて、多少の生命を※(「りっしんべん+淌のつくり」、第3水準1-84-54)※(「りっしんべん+兄」、第3水準1-84-45)(しょうきょう)しがたきムードに与うれば大成功と心得ている。古来からこの難事業に全然の績(いさおし)を収め得たる画工があるかないか知らぬ。ある点までこの流派(りゅうは)に指を染め得たるものを挙(あ)ぐれば、文与可(ぶんよか)の竹である。雲谷(うんこく)門下の山水である。下って大雅堂(たいがどう)の景色(けいしょく)である。蕪村(ぶそん)の人物である。泰西(たいせい)の画家に至っては、多く眼を具象(ぐしょう)世界に馳(は)せて、神往(しんおう)の気韻(きいん)に傾倒せぬ者が大多数を占めているから、この種の筆墨に物外(ぶつがい)の神韻(しんいん)を伝え得るものははたして幾人あるか知らぬ。




惜しい事に雪舟(せっしゅう)、蕪村らの力(つと)めて描出(びょうしゅつ)した一種の気韻は、あまりに単純でかつあまりに変化に乏しい。筆力の点から云えばとうていこれらの大家に及ぶ訳はないが、今わが画(え)にして見ようと思う心持ちはもう少し複雑である。複雑であるだけにどうも一枚のなかへは感じが収まりかねる。頬杖(ほおづえ)をやめて、両腕を机の上に組んで考えたがやはり出て来ない。色、形、調子が出来て、自分の心が、ああここにいたなと、たちまち自己を認識するようにかかなければならない。生き別れをした吾子(わがこ)を尋ね当てるため、六十余州を回国(かいこく)して、寝(ね)ても寤(さ)めても、忘れる間(ま)がなかったある日、十字街頭にふと邂逅(かいこう)して、稲妻(いなずま)の遮(さえ)ぎるひまもなきうちに、あっ、ここにいた、と思うようにかかなければならない。それがむずかしい。この調子さえ出れば、人が見て何と云っても構わない。画でないと罵(ののし)られても恨(うらみ)はない。いやしくも色の配合がこの心持ちの一部を代表して、線の曲直(きょくちょく)がこの気合の幾分を表現して、全体の配置がこの風韻(ふういん)のどれほどかを伝えるならば、形にあらわれたものは、牛であれ馬であれ、ないしは牛でも馬でも、何でもないものであれ、厭(いと)わない。厭わないがどうも出来ない。写生帖を机の上へ置いて、両眼が帖(じょう)のなかへ落ち込むまで、工夫(くふう)したが、とても物にならん。






鉛筆を置いて考えた。こんな抽象的(ちゅうしょうてき)な興趣を画にしようとするのが、そもそもの間違である。人間にそう変りはないから、多くの人のうちにはきっと自分と同じ感興に触れたものがあって、この感興を何らの手段かで、永久化せんと試みたに相違ない。試みたとすればその手段は何だろう。

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